Compaction is one of the most important processes in landfill operations. The process of compaction crushes out the air void in the waste mass, increasing waste density, increasing landfill life, and increasing site profitability while reducing required air space. FEA-based, numerical landfill compaction models were developed at Caterpillar to predict compactor performance and to guide optimum compactor designs. Early models representing compactors with smooth drums used the traditional Lagrangian method, which was adequate to predict average compaction. However, excessive mesh distortions limited its use for the compactor model with detailed tip designs, especially when the simulation of multiple machine passes is required.
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