The use of computational models is well established in many areas of engineering; however the welding is among few fields where design and designer-driven control and optimization remain generally traditional. For example, weld distortion is a frequent problem in various welding applications including additive manufacturing and many techniques have been developed over time to mitigate the distortion. Welding sequence and intermittent welding design, which determine the best welding pattern in multi-pass welds, are familiar techniques to control the distortion when dealing with multi-pass welded structures.
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