The firing process of ceramic products under a specific heat curve is generally divided into three different phases: thermal expansion, sintering, and thermal contraction phases. These non-mechanical deformations are assumed to be unrelated, and the mechanical ones are assumed to be represented by the viscoplastic constitutive model. The key issue is how to determine sintering strains by calibrating the employed function forms of the densification rate with the data obtained from the stairway thermal cycle (STC) test. In addition, the presentations of the dependencies of the elastic and creep properties on both temperature and density are of importance to accurately predict the overall deformation of ceramic products.
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