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Offshore pipeline design is a multidisciplinary field of engineering that covers route optimization, mechanical wall thickness design, fracture mechanics, flow assurance, stress analysis, geotechnics.For decades, pipelines have been designed pursuing a stress based approach, based on analytical methods and semi-empirical rules of thumb. However, the challenging conditions in oil and gas exploration and production dictate the use of sophisticated numerical tools to assist the pipeline design engineer. In particular, pipe-soil interaction is a complicated phenomenon that governs the response of the offshore pipeline to operational load patterns.

Customer Papers

In this work the quasi-static response of thermoplastic butt-joint stiffened beam in bending conditions is modeled. In these panels, the stiffener is connected to the skin by a shortfiber reinforced filler. Although this type of connection performs very well in a pull-off loading (fracture loading is 10 times higher than welded connection), optimization is required regarding its impact performance. The main issue concerning this loading type is the extreme resistance to impact until a certain threshold, upon which the stiffener-skin connection fails in an instable manner, however leaving only barely visible damage on the skin side.

Customer Papers

A methodology has been developed for characterising the mechanical behaviour of concrete, based on the damaged plasticity model, enriched with a user subroutine (V)USDFLD in order to capture better the ductility of the material under moderate confining pressures. The model has been applied in the context of the international benchmark IRIS_2012, organised by the OECD/NEA/CSNI Nuclear Energy Agency, dealing with impacts of rigid and deformable missiles against reinforced concrete targets. A slightly modified version of the concrete damaged plasticity model was used to represent the concrete. The simulation results matched very well the observations made during the actual tests.

Customer Papers

Lightweight technology is a very important part of today’s engineering practice. The discussion of CO2 emissions and fuel consumption gets more and more important. Hybrid vehicles could save fuel, but are also heavier. AUDI has made a sign with innovative new technologies in the hybrid models Q5, A6, A8, and has shown with the new A6 and A3 that a car could be lighter than its previous release. All these leading technologies are summarized in Audi Ultra. There are several ways to get a lighter construction. This paper is attended to describe the advanced technology of simulating short fiber reinforced plastic engine parts.

Customer Papers

Contact lenses correct the optics of the ocular system by placing a refractive element over the cornea. Modern lens materials are comprised of 30-90% water and exhibit viscoelasticity, hyperelasticity and thermal dependencies. Contact lens materials have traditionally proven to be extremely difficult to characterize for a number of reasons, primarily because the properties are dependent upon the processing conditions of the lenses themselves and the size and geometry of contact lenses makes them unsuitable for use in standard test apparatuses. In order to better characterize our contact lens materials we have developed an In Situ lens compression testing instrument, wherein a lens is placed in solution and compressed between two flat surfaces while applied force is recorded.

Customer Papers

This paper presents the implementation of an industrial FE methodology to predict delamination and debonding for a composite wing box subjected to tire impact. This numerical approach has been developed in Abaqus/Explicit v6.10 and is calibrated and validated using a building block strategy, where analysis has been correlated to test at each level. Ply-to-ply interface and bondline properties have been determined by an exhaustive test campaign to calibrate the cohesive element material cards. Intra-laminar damage model based on the Hashin model has been used together with cohesive elements to model the ply interface and bondlines. The methodology, successfully validated using the aforementioned building block approach, was then applied to tire impact on a composite wingbox structure.

Customer Papers

Rocket and missile systems are often kept in launch tubes until they are fired. Dimensions of the tubes are determined by the munitions inside them. In some cases, due to space and weight limitations, launch tubes must match certain dimensions other than imposed by the system. Inner diameter of the launch tube is mainly determined by control surface span. Thus folding the control surfaces decreases space occupied in the tube. In foldable wing mechanisms, wings are held in folded position in the tube. After munitions leave the tube, wings erect and are locked secure in unfolded position. These mechanisms contain a spring like element that stores necessary energy to unfold the wing and a locking pin that secures the wing in desired position.

Customer Papers

The objective of this work is analyze and optimize a passenger bus frame using finite element software, in different static and dynamic conditions. Through a static analysis, torsion and bending constants were extracted using boundary conditions different sets for each one of them. With a linear perturbation step, free and forced vibration modes of the system were obtained and a frequency response analysis was developed. For dynamic analysis, boundary conditions were defined from dynamic automotive equations. Evaluated conditions were suspended weight, acceleration, braking, cornering, and cornering and braking together.

Customer Papers

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During indentation of brittle materials, cracks may be forming around the impression, depending on load conditions, material and indenter geometry. We investigate the effect of indenter geometry (half-included angle, number of edges) on crack characteristics by indentation cracking test and finite element analysis (FEA). Considering conditions for crack initiation and propagation, an FE model is established featuring cohesive interfaces in zones of potential crack formation. After verification of the FE model through comparison with experimental results for Berkovich and Vickers indentations, we study the crack shapes for diverse indenter geometries in Abaqus and establish a relation between crack size and number of indenter edges.

Customer Papers

The typical quay wall structures consist of combined sheet pile walls, pile grates and horizontal anchors in north Germany. Measurements have shown that the earth pressure on the sheet pile wall is shielded due to the dowel effect of the pile grates. The shielded earth pressure is transferred through the slab sections (reinforces concrete superstructure) to the anchor system. In the current design recommendation a higher frictions angle is used to take the dowel effect into account. Firstly, 1g small scaled model tests have been conducted to obtain a better understanding of the failure mechanisms of the soil with regard to pile grates. Soil arches behind piles are observed in the model tests. In additional, the development of the shear bands is illustrated by using the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) technique.

Customer Papers