Determines the RF Breakdown Power Level in Passive Devices
Spark3D is a unique simulation tool for determining the RF breakdown power level in a wide variety of passive devices, including cavities, waveguides, microstrip and antennas. Spark3D can import field results from CST Studio Suite simulations directly to analyze vacuum breakdown (multipactor) and gas discharge. From this, Spark3D calculates the maximum power that the device can handle without causing discharge effects.
Typical approximate approaches to determine the RF breakdown power level of any component are intentionally conservative. Spark3D is based on advanced methods which analyze the breakdown phenomena numerically, predicting more realistic breakdown power levels, and thus improving the design margins.
The main Spark3D features include:
Spark3D is an optional part of CST Studio Suite® and is also available as a stand-alone offering.
The multipactor effect is a microwave breakdown discharge occurring in vacuum conditions caused by the formation of an electron cloud. High-energy electrons collide with the walls of the device, releasing secondary electrons, eventually creating an electron avalanche. The continuous release of electrons results in the creation of an electron plasma which degrades the response of the component.
With Spark3D, the user can perform full numerical simulations of the multipactor effect considering the 3D EM field distribution. To perform this simulation, Spark3D emits electrons in the component, tracking their trajectories and checking the evolution of the electron number with time.
Gas discharge (also known as corona discharge or ionization breakdown) effect is a microwave breakdown discharge occurring in gas-filled components caused by the formation of an electron cloud. High-energy electrons collide with gas molecules, releasing more electrons by ionization, finally creating an electron plasma. This plasma degrades the response of the component, which can eventually destroy it.
With Spark3D, the user can perform full numerical simulations of the corona effect considering the 3D EM field distribution. Spark3D solves the free electron continuity equation in the component, checking if the electron density grows with time for a particular input power level.
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